Well, off the top of my head, there are space telescopes that are sensitive to much more than the visible spectrum, analyzing everything from gamma rays to X-rays, to ultraviolet, then down to infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.
Ergo, some of the radio telescopes are GIGANTIC, notably the one in Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
In addition to the telescopes, there are sprectrographs, usually attached to the telescopes, which enable astronomers to analyze the chemical compositions of stars.
Now there are huge underground detectors that are looking for dark matter, and I suppose you could even say that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland is part of the equation too. After all, it's looking for the earliest state of "matter" after the Big Bang.
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Learning the sky--one star at a time. |